![]() radiodurans are joined by persistent Holliday junctions. cerevisiae accumulate similarly high levels of the Mn antioxidants that are required for extreme radiation resistance, as do endospores, though they greatly exceed spores in radioresistance because they contain multiple identical genome copies, which in D. This difference is associated with a critical requirement for survivability under radiation, that is, repair of genome damage caused by radiation. However, such synergistic radioprotective effects of desiccation and freezing were not observed in monogenomic or digenomic Bacillus cells and endospores, which are generally sterilized by 12 kGy. radiodurans cells can be extended from the already high value of 25 kGy in liquid culture to an astonishing 140 kGy when the cells are both desiccated and frozen. Thus, the radiation survival threshold of polyploid D. Desiccation and freezing greatly increased radiation survival of vegetative polyploid microorganisms when applied separately, and when combined, desiccation and freezing increased radiation survival even more so. We tested the influence of desiccation and freezing on the ionizing radiation survival of six model microorganisms: vegetative cells of two bacteria (Deinococcus radiodurans, Escherichia coli) and a strain of budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and vegetative cells and endospores of three Bacillus bacteria (B. Radiation resistance of microbes is a key parameter in considering survivability of microbes over geologic times on the frigid, arid surface of Mars that is bombarded by solar and galactic cosmic radiation. We aim to better understand the impact of the martian surface on microbial dormancy and survivability. To better protect Earth and its biosphere from potential extraterrestrial sources of contamination, as set forth in the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, international efforts to develop planetary protection measures strive to understand the danger of cross-contamination processes in Mars sample return missions. Increasingly, national space agencies are expanding their goals to include Mars exploration with sample return. The latter finding further suggests that targeting PGM activity during germination could be a novel way to minimize the damaging effects of spores. These findings indicate why 3PGA accumulation during sporulation (and utilization during germination) in all the Firmicute spores studied can be crucial for spore revival due to the generation of essential ATP. However, the 3PGA-replete spores that germinated in the poor medium accumulated >30 times more ATP, and >70% of the germinated spores were found to be alive. The ATP production in the germination of 3PGA-less spores in a poor medium was minimal, and the germinated spores were >99% dead. The current work found no 3PGA in those Bacillus subtilis spores that do not accumulate CaDPA during sporulation and have a core pH of ~7.4. However, in wild-type spore germination, increases in core pH to 7.5–8 and in core water content upon CaDPA release and cortex peptidoglycan hydrolysis allow for rapid 3PGA catabolism, generating ATP indeed, the earliest ATP generated following germination is from 3PGA catabolism. Spores’ 3PGA is stable for months at 4 ☌ and weeks at 37 ☌. This core acidification inhibits phosphoglycerate mutase (PGM) at pH 6.4, allowing 3PGA accumulation, although PGM is active at pH 7.4. The development of Bacillus spore cores involves the accumulation of 3-phosphoglycerate (3PGA) during sporulation, following core acidification to ~6.4, and before decreases in core water content occur due to Ca-dipicolinc acid (CaDPA) uptake. NMR peaks corresponding to ADP or ATP were not detected in these samples, indicating that levels of these two nucleotides were not more than 5% of AMP levels in spores incubated for 10 or 30 days. All values are averages based on duplicate determinations in one experiment, and individual values for 3PGA, AMP, and CMP plus UMP did not deviate by more than 11, 14, and 23%, respectively, from average values. At various times spores were harvested, small molecules were extracted, and levels of 3PGA (A) or AMP (B, filled symbols) or CMP plus UMP (B, open symbols) were determined by 31 P NMR, as described in Materials and Methods. ![]() megaterium GR-less strain GC614 were prepared in a fermentor, isolated, and incubated in the spent sporulation medium plus 200 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.8) and 20 mM (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 at either 37☌ (circles) or 50☌ (triangles), giving a pH of 8.6 in the spent medium plus spores, in contrast to a pH of 7 in spent sporulation medium by itself. megaterium spores incubated in spent sporulation medium and with spore core pH adjusted to 7.8. Levels of 3PGA and AMP or CMP plus UMP in dormant B. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Their advice, encouragement, and patience in answering all sorts of questions, from the intelligent ones to the very feeble, are appreciated more than words can say. Vii ix 1 46 90 134 174 218 262 307 351 382 419 433 442 490ĪCKNOWLEDGMENTS Thanks are due first of all to Nicole Bowen and Laura Shauger of Facts On File. The Torch Is Passed: January 1989–January 1990 Appendix A: Documents Appendix B: Biographies of Major Personalities Appendix C: Graphs and Maps Notes Bibliography Index Beginning of the End: January 1988–January 1989 8. Arms and the President: May 1986–December 1987 7. Terrorism and Disaster: January 1985–April 1986 6. “Morning in America”: January–December 1984 5. Highs, Lows, and Frightening Times: November 1982–December 1983 4. The Great Communicator Takes Over: January 1981–October 1982 3. The Fall of Jimmy Carter: November 1979–January 1981 2. Elin WoodgerĬONTENTS Acknowledgments Introduction 1. McEvoy Cover design by Cathy Rincon Maps and graphs by Sholto Ainslie Printed in the United States of America VB JM 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper.įor my sisters Laura, Susan, and Elizabeth, without whom I never would have made it through the 1980s- and for Barbara and Mom. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at Text design by Joan M. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. E876.W666 2006 973.92-dc22 2005018732 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. United States-Politics and government-1981–1989-Juvenile literature. United States-History- 1969– -Juvenile literature. United States-History-1969– -Juvenile literature. cm.-(Eyewitness history) Includes bibliographical references and index. An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Woodger, Elin. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. ![]() The 1980s Copyright © 2006 by Elin Woodger and David F. The book also includes critical documents, as well as capsule biographies of key figures, a bibliography, an index, 92 black-and-white photographs and illustrations, and 13 maps and graphs. In addition to the firsthand accounts, each chapter provides an introductory essay and a chronology of events. ![]() "The 1980s", a new volume in Facts On File's acclaimed "Eyewitness History" series, provides a unique look at this decade, illustrating how events appeared to those who lived through them. In a compelling format, "The 1980s" provides a unique look at this decade. This comprehensive reference also documents the United States' up-and-down economy and the rise of a new and deadly disease called AIDS. In addition, this volume covers landmark advancements in civil rights, law, space exploration, science, technology, medicine, literature, and art. From the collapse of Jimmy Carter's idealistic view of the United States as the world's peacekeeper in 1980 to the fall of the Berlin Wall, this volume explores a period filled with political intrigue and power shifts, including President Reagan's view of American peacekeeping that emphasized military strength, superior weaponry, and defense systems. An essential resource for those interested in learning about this era, "The 1980s" chronicles a decade of global transition. ![]() ![]() ![]() The more time we spent there, the more we realized how much thought and effort was placed into even the simplest things. They explained their nutrient process and showed us how they had been receiving excellent results. The tour continued and we were showed the various stages of growth. This is going above and beyond in my book. This was to insure that we didn’t introduce any sort of fungus or mold. We suited up and headed in.Īfter we entered the farming part of the facility, wearing our jumpsuits, we had to spray our feet down with disinfectant. It’s always fun seeing how different farms operate. We were greeted by our friend Chris, who introduced us to the Harmony Farms team and guided us through their farm. We made the trip to Lacey from Des Moines during a wonderful Northwest downpour. We were really excited to visit, as this was our first time visiting an LED grow from a tier 3 producer/processor. This ticket price includes going over to the Baby Goat Cuddling area after the tour is over and free soap samples and literature.Harmony Farms recently invited us to tour their farm in Lacey, WA. You will have the opportunity to participate in cheese/fudge sampling and get a complete overview of the cheese-making process along with other general information regarding raising and handling of the goats. You get to see all the “behind the scenes” and it consists of an ATV ride (no walking involved), viewing the cows and calves, pig and piglets that we raise right here on the farm, go into the milking parlor and see our 12 headgate milking stanchion, even try your hand at milking a goat by hand. We also do full farm tours that are about an hour and 20 minutes $25.00 a person, (under 2 is free) A reservation has to be made on our website, please do not just show up at the farm. This experience is $15 a person, under 2 is free. Stay for a while, cuddle, take pictures and relax. Give treats to the teenager goats, go into the Nigerian Dwarf habitat and pet and love on dwarf goats, get your picture taken with an exotic scarlet macaw named “Benny”. ![]() ![]() Pet a mustang name Diamond that has been rehilabated, love on a miniature horse named Mr. Pet and brush Lucy and Laney the llamas, feed our donkey “Festus'' and his sidekick our miniature donkey “Jeb” carrots. You can schedule a visit online and see adorable baby goats (kids). We have two 20 x 40 covered baby goat nurseries - the infant side is climate controlled (AC and heat). ![]() Besides shopping in our Farm Store you can also make a reservation for fun activities on the farm. My goat girls produce the finest milk, making my soaps ultra-creamy and full of vitamins and minerals. It’s nice to know what you are putting on (in) your body after all…your skin is the largest organ you have. Many of the ingredients in our soap come right from the farm-goats milk from the goats, herbs from the garden, and more! Truly local ingredients mean a low carbon footprint. The Farm Store is open 8-5:00 Monday through Saturday right here in Smithville, Tennessee, just a 1/2 a mile off of Hwy 70, easy in and easy out. All can be purchased in our Farm Store (no reservation needed for the Farm Store). We make Goat Milk Soap and Goat Milk Lotion and have a variety of Crocheted goats, T-shirts, hats and/or pillows you can take home as a souvenir. Our pork is special because all of the whey from the cheese-making process is given to the hogs and makes for a high-protein, low-fat pork, hardly any grease in your pan. We raise our own whole pork sausage and ground beef. We received our license in February 2016 and have been making 8 delicious flavors of fresh Chevre, hand-cut marinated feta, goat milk fudge, chocolate and vanilla goat milk ice cream and goat milk caramels (which do not stick to your teeth or dental work as a normal caramel will), all are made in small batches and by hand. Mark, my husband and co-owner of Harmony Lane Farm and Creamery, and I have been married for over 39 years. ![]() ![]() When soil is overly tilled, compacted, flooded, or exposed to long-term chemical use, the results are poor soil quality low in nutrition. Without these essential elements, plants can’t complete a normal life cycle.
![]() ![]() Players will be able to explore the first two acts and the boss fight of this world. One, called the jumping jack, lets players jump higher while another called the dainty dragon lets them breathe fire. This is also where players will be introduced to costumes, the game’s version of power-ups. The Balan Wonderworld demo won’t be around for much longer. The first world, The Man Who Rages Against the Storm, is contrary to its name, set it an idyllic farmstead. The demo includes access to three different worlds, and separate acts and boss fights between them all. What you’ll find in the Balan Wonderworld demoĪccording to a press release for the upcoming demo, you’ll have a lot of content to dig right into. ![]() So you’re going to have to make some room at your computer desk and maybe hook up a bigger screen for a decent experience. There is one issue though - co-op for Balan Wonderworld in this demo is local only. The demo will even come with co-op, with each player exploring as either Leo or Emma, the game’s stars. In it, there will be previews of multiple worlds to explore. You can download the demo starting on Thursday, January 28. You can download the demo starting on Thursday, January 28. Balan Wonderworld will have a free demo made available to all players, including one on Steam. Balan Wonderworld will have a free demo made available to all players, including one on Steam. However, leading up to the game’s March 26 PC release, that’s all going to change. We haven’t seen much of the adventure-platformer from the original creators of Sonic the Hedgehog since its reveal during an Xbox Games Showcase last July. For the first time in 20 years Naka Yuji and Oshima Naoto join forces forming the BALAN COMPANY team founded around, bringing together action game development, video and music production professionals from both inside and outside of the company.Įnjoy an even more wondrous adventure as one player controls Leo and the other controls Emma in 2 Player Co-op Local Mode.The team working on Balan Wonderworldhas been tight-lipped on its progress. the possibilities are endless when you pick up a new costume.Ĭome one, come all and enjoy the pinnacle of Square Enix storytelling in an all-action world of wonder created by the legendary Naka Yuji. The demo will be available to play from January 28th, allowing players to experience two hours of BALAN WONDERWORLD gameplay ahead of its March 26th release date. ![]() The stars of the show can use powers from the inhabitants of Wonderworld by wearing their colourful costumes, with over 80 different ones to try on! Bash your enemies, walk in the air, freeze time or manipulate all kinds of objects.
![]() It can also synchronize Macintosh documents from mounting or MTP devices, which is another remarkable feature. SyncMate will not restrict the number of apple gadgets that you may join. You may also sync as many iOS devices as you want with your Mac. ![]() It simplifies transferring and synchronizing data between Mac OS X and Android devices. In contrast, the SyncMate app connects Macs and Android phones. You’ll need a third-party app to move files from your Mac to Android phones. This enables information transmission across both the Mac and any other device a cinch. SyncMate’s SyncService sets it apart from the competition. SyncMate’s best qualitiesĪmong the application’s impressive capabilities is its ability to synchronize information across devices. If you have an iOS phone or a Macbook, you can remove all your connections, calendars, and to-dos in one go. ![]() You may view and browse via the SMS texts that it captures. Schedules, notes, emails, and bookmarking from Browser, iTunes, and iPhoto can be synced using this software’s user-friendly interface. Smartphone data transmission to Mac program is trustworthy and straightforward to use. We decided to give SyncMate a go since we are related to Eltima Technology. SyncMate is just a fantastic piece of software they’ve added to their catalog. Type and send notes on your Mac, which I believe is a handy and excellent function.Ĭomplete restore and synchronization utilities often include installing online storage data locally. This is an incredible perk of the professional version: You can control your smartphone from the computer. Your PC or tablet synchronizes contacts, calendars, notes, photos, music, and files. In the fifteen years, they’ve been in business, they’ve come up with many innovative ideas.Įltima Software’s essential products are Commander One, Folx, and Airy.Īn appropriate backup organizer is the SyncMate Professional Mac version. Eltima Applications provides top-notch technology for both Pc and Macintosh platforms. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() This is a great place for a photo opportunity for guests or even a place to put a photo booth up.īesides the absolutely stunning venue, the real highlight of this place is the team you would work with to have your dream event. Another unique feature of this venue is the bank vault located in the back of the venue, as it is an old converted bank. The team recently put in a lot of effort to renovate the space, which includes beautiful tile floors in place of where carpet use to be on the sides of the venue and other beautiful features. I wanted a venue that was chic, in a nice location of town, and something that would wow our guests. I honestly cannot speak more highly of a venue in the Tampa Bay area. We had booked this venue for our "Sangeet" night as a traditional Indian dance event that happens for the day before the wedding. Tastings can be arranged should the to-be-weds want to try out any of the delicious cuisines. Together with his talented team, they offer several serving styles to match the feel of the occasion. In-house Chef, Gui Alinat is a high-end catering veteran that will help couples plan a custom menu. Other important amenities at the couple’s disposal include lighting and sound equipment and complimentary WiFi internet access. An array of event rentals such as chairs and tables is accessible on site for maximum convenience. What’s more, these experts have a list of preferred vendors to provide upon request, but also welcome outside vendors as well. They offer to accommodate all setup and cleanup needs before and after the function. The Vault’s dedicated staff members are determined to make the event special. For added convenience, couples and their party are provided access to private get-ready rooms before the event gets underway. The charming private park is ideal for outdoor entertainment and a breath of fresh air during a day full of festivities. It also features floor-to-ceiling windows, intricate medallion details, and offers extraordinary scenic views of Tampa’s skyline while the second-floor mezzanine overlooks an open gallery. The venue’s restored banquet hall space boasts 30-foot tall ceilings and comfortably accommodates up to 200 people. Because of its convenient location and sophisticated vibe, The Vault is an amazing choice for urban weddings. It’s a dream come true for couples that are enamored with the roaring 20s. This historic destination combines luxurious architecture and contemporary interior design. Located in the heart of downtown Tampa, Florida’s famous Art District, The Vault is an elegant wedding venue perfect for intimate and extravagant occasions. ![]() ![]() ![]() DIY Sugaring Wax – Can I do sugaring at home? To read verified reviews of Moom sugaring wax, click here. Like CocoJojo and Bees, Moom sugaring wax also has a simple ingredient list – sugar, lemon, water make up the base and chamomile and tea tree oil offer skin conditioning properties. Their kits come with everything you need – applicator popsicle sticks, wax removing strips, and easy to warm wax, and it all comes in a small travel friendly packaging. Moom is a family owned business that has been around for a long time, and has more diverse set of products than anyone else. Moom sugaring wax is our favorite option for sugaring hair removal while traveling. To read verified reviews of Gentle Bees sugaring wax, click here. It also comes in a glass container that you can microwave and use when you need to remove hair, and it makes it easy to control the temperature of the wax. These are the same 3 ingredients you use to make the basic sugaring wax at home. Gentle Bees sugaring wax only has 3 ingredients – sugar, wax, and lemon juice. But, if you’re allergic to one of the oils or you’re allergic to honey, then Bees sugaring wax is a better product for you. You might have noticed that CocoJoJo adds skin conditioning essential oils. Gentle Bees sugaring wax is made by a very small company in Texas, and is another great ready to use sugaring wax option. ![]() Gentle Bees sugaring wax – no essential oils To read verified reviews of CocoJoJo sugaring wax, click here. There is also a bikini wax that is a thicker harder version of regular sugaring paste. If you prefer simple products or don’t want the hassle of making sugaring wax at home, this is like if your DIY skilled friend offered to make it for you.ĬocoJojo also makes several types of sugaring waxes – hard sugar wax and soft sugaring wax just like you can at home. It has honey, sugar, lemon juice which make up the basic sugaring wax base with argan oil, tea tree extract, and azulene oil for skin conditioning. CocoJojo sugaring wax – natural ingredientsĭon’t want to make sugaring wax yourself and prefer a ready to use product? CocoJojo sugaring wax is our favorite option because its simple ingredients make it most like the homemade sugaring wax.įirst, let’s look at the ingredient list. They have short ingredient lists and can easily be washed off.Įither way, let’s look at your options for how to make sugaring wax at home or which ready-to-use sugaring wax products you can buy. ![]() These options are just as convenient, (if not more because it’s premade) as homemade sugaring wax. If you can’t get it right, don’t have the time to make it yourself, or it’s too messy of a process, but like the gentleness and ease of sugaring instead of waxing, there are a few great options of premade sugaring wax. The ancient Persian recipe of heating sugar and water to make a candy like syrup was easy to make in a part of the world where sugar was abundant and hair removal was as much of an art form as routine.Īt the same time, it may take an attempt or two to get the perfect consistency for at home sugaring and not end up with a sugaring paste that is too thick or runny. Sugaring predates modern day waxes because it is so simple to make. Sugaring wax – How to make and where to buy Sugaring FAQ – Common questions about sugaring.Sugaring wax – How to make and where to buy. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Scratches, broken-off pieces or damaged colored parts are now things of the past. They also allow to transport your games easy and problem-free. Our foam trays, figure cases and figure backpacks protect all your game components against damage and dust. "description": "We develop individual and precision-fit foam trays for various games which protect all your miniatures, figures, cards and accessories. "legalName": "Feldherr Lager- & Transportsysteme GmbH", "name": "Feldherr Lager- & Transportsysteme GmbH", 2 cm over the edge of the original board game box. The foam insert has the dimensions: 177 mm x 164 mm x 20 mm total height (10 mm usable height + 10 mm foam base) The foam tray has the dimensions: 350 mm x 285 mm x 50 mm total height (40 mm usable height + 10 mm foam base) 1 foam insert with 10 compartments (CLMEHX020BO).1 foam tray with 19 + 1 compartments (CKMEHW050BO).The sector tiles will then be level with the foam tray.įor additional protection of the game material, we provide a matching foam topper which makes sure that nothing can fall out.įinally, you place the larger game components like research board, scoring board and faction boards on top, close the lid and you're all set. When you're done sorting everything into the Organizer, you place the space sector tiles on top of the insert. The 10 compartments provide space for federation tokens, action tokens and record tokens. The extra-compartment for the removable insert has the same base area as the space sector tiles and features 10 compartments. The other 8 compartments will hold additional game material like e. 4 compartments provide space for (sleeved) cards and further markers like power tokens and knowledge markers. ![]() For the insert, there is a tailor-made extra-compartment in the tray.ħ compartments of the tray are reserved for the structures and markers of the respective colors. It consists of a foam tray with 19 + 1 compartments and a custom cut, individually removable insert with 10 compartments. Our Organizer fits exactly into the original board game box. PS : Clans of Caledonia allows to play in "Solo mode" which is perfect to learn the game basics before challenging other players.You want to lead Terrans, Ivits or another race to a higher state of development? In that case you should lead by example and prove how highly developed your skills to organize the "Gaia Project" game material are. Kudos to him for this top notch work!Įnjoy and remember, it's ok to have a sip for tasting, but you need to keep some ot this whisky for exporting! We would like to extend a warm thank you to the designer Juma Al-JouJou ( Innovatormentor) for his authorization to host Clans of Caledonia on BGA and his invaluable help for playtesting, and to Leo Bartoloni ( bartoleo) the developer who did the really hard work of implementing such a complex game using BGA studio. So for sure, you'll spend time counting before spending!Ĭlans of Caledonia is one of these powerfully enticing games that you like more each time you play, and that has a huge replayability through the use of a composite map (16 different configurations), variable scoring tiles for each turn, variable port tiles for special actions (if you can reach them), and 9 clans to master, making each new game a new challenge.Ĭlans of Caledonia is available on BGA as a Premium game: a Premium member is required to create a new table, then as usual everyone can join. You'll spend, yes, you'll trade, yes, you'll export, sure, but you won't do it lightly! Every action has a cost, even expanding to the nearest pasture. You'll chop wood, mine mountains, grow livestock, plant fields, build cheese dairies, bakeries and distilleries in order to - did we mention it already? - produce whisky!īut more than everything, as a kilt bearer, your task will be to manage your money in the most efficient possible way. This mid-to-heavy game is a lot of pleasure to play as actions very closely match the theme of a clan expanding on the Scottish territory, with very diverse and charismatic clans to choose from at the start of the game. Yes, we said Scotland, so you'll produce whisky of course! In Clans of Caledonia, you'll take the head of a Scottish clan of the 19th-century to manage its development from an agricultural to an industrial economy. Both can be expected to come to crowdfunding in the second half of 2023. With it, I want to release a reprint of the base game as well. ![]() We are absolutely delighted to continue an incredible series of releases this summer by opening online on Board Game Arena a wonderful strategy board game published only 2 years ago: Clans of Caledonia from designer Juma Al-JouJou ( Karma Games). Clans of Caledonia Expansion Posted on Decemby juma I am working heavily on an expansion for our evergreen Clans of Caledonia. ![]() |